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Price | Free For 1 GB storage and 60 compute minutes per day (for NLP tasks) | Free for 300 MB storage Annual subscription: $55/year: 5 GB $110/year: 10 GB $165/year: unlimited storage | Free for 300 MB storage Annual subscription: $20/year: 2 GB $60/year: 6 gb $120/year: unlimited storage | Free (Endnote basic) Maximum 50,000 references and up to 2GB attachments total One time payment: $249.95 Student: $115.95 Upgrade: $99.95 (X9 or earlier) | 30-day free trial Contact sales for quote (organization level license) | 30-day free trial Monthly subscription: Student: $3/month Academic: $5/month Corporate: $10/month | 7-day free trial Monthly subscription: Academic: $2.99/month Corporate: $9.99/month | $249 for individual academic license | Free, open-source For 2 GB of storage |
UI design & customization | Clean, minimalist design UI responsive to screen size and resolution Two document browser UI templates Can show/hide sidebars and tabs | iTunes-like aesthetic Resizable sidebars Can manually adjust UI font size | Resizable sidebars Adjustable font size | iTunes-like aesthetic Resizable sidebars and moveable panels Adjustable font size | Not customizable | Clean, minimalist design UI is responsive to screen size and resolution | Not customizable App downloaded as Chrome extension | 3 predefined UI templates to choose from | Not customizable |
Metadata management | Extracts and validates metadata on upload Imports missing metadata from CrossRef where applicable Edit metadata through an Excel-like grid Add new metadata fields Show/hide/rearrange existing metadata fields Autopopulate metadata based on user defined rules over full-text Pivot table analysis | Extracts metadata on upload Searches for metadata externally on request Manual metadata management via classic form interface | Extracts metadata on upload Searches for metadata externally on request Manual metadata management via classic form interface | Extracts metadata on upload Find full-text from reference entries (if user has license) Imports missing metadata automatically Manual metadata management via classic form interface | Extracts metadata on upload Imports missing metadata automatically Manual metadata management via classic form interface | Extracts metadata on upload Imports missing metadata automatically Manual metadata management via classic form interface | Extracts metadata on upload Imports missing metadata automatically Manual metadata management via classic form interface | Extracts metadata on upload Imports missing metadata automatically Manual metadata management via classic form interface | Manual metadata management via classic form interface |
PDF viewer | PDF previewer in preview tab Built-in PDF viewer | PDF preview available in library PDF view in full screen within Mendeley | Built-in PDF viewer available in Zotero 6 | PDF previewer in preview tab Built-in PDF viewer | PDF previewer in preview tab Built-in PDF viewer | PDF previewer in preview tab Built-in PDF viewer | Built-in PDF viewer | PDF previewer in preview tab Built-in PDF viewer | PDF previewer in preview tab Built-in PDF viewer |
Import and upload | No download required; always synchronized Full-text upload Automatic metadata extraction and validation Supports manual BibTeX import | Requires desktop app for most use cases Sync user's local library to the cloud | Requires desktop app for most use cases Sync user's local library to the cloud | Requires desktop app for most use cases Sync user's local library to the cloud | No download required; always synchronized Supports direct full-text upload Supports manual BibTeX import | No download required; always synchronized Supports direct full-text upload Automatic metadata extraction and validation Supports manual BibTeX import | No download required; always synchronized Supports direct full-text upload Automatic metadata extraction and validation Supports manual BibTeX import | Requires desktop app for most use cases Sync user's local library to the cloud | Requires desktop app for most use cases Sync user's local library to the cloud |
Export and download | Download single files or entire projects Export as BibTeX (.bib) | Full-texts already stored locally (app installed locally) Export as BibTeX (.bib), RIS (.ris), EndNote XML, Zotero (zotero.sqlite) | Full-texts already stored locally (app installed locally) Export as BibTeX (.bib), RIS (.ris), etc. (among 20+ formats) | Full-texts already stored locally (app installed locally) Export as BibTeX (.bib), RIS (.ris), etc. (among others) | Download single files or entire projects Export as BibTeX (.bib), RIS (.ris), etc. (among many others) | Download single files or entire projects Export as BibTeX (.bib), RIS (.ris), etc. (among many others) | Download single files or entire projects Export as BibTeX (.bib), RIS (.ris), etc. (among many others) | Full-texts already stored locally (app installed locally) Export as BibTeX (.bib), RIS (.ris), etc. (among others) | Full-texts already stored locally (app installed locally) Export as BibTeX (.bib), RIS (.ris), etc. (among others) |
Search | Full-text search (incl. OCR text) Metadata search In-document lookup Customization of search scope (organization-wide vs. project specific) (Coming soon) Integrated search across public platforms (i.e. Google Scholar, PubMed, ArXiv) | Metadata search Search with boolean operators In-document lookup | Full-text search Metadata search Search with boolean operators In-document lookup | Full-text search Metadata search Search with boolean operators In-document lookup Searches across partnered publisher databases | Metadata search Search with boolean operators | Full-text search Metadata search Search with boolean operators In-document lookup | Metadata search Searches across Google Scholar, PubMed or ArXiv Combines references from different sources; integrates with dbs | Metadata search Search with boolean operators Limited support for Regex | Full-text search Metadata search Search with boolean operators In-document lookup |
Sort and filter | Yes For all metadata fields | Limited Sort only | Limited Sort only | Limited Sort only | Limited Sort only | Limited Sort only | Limited Sort only | Limited Sort only | Limited Sort only |
Annotation | Highlight/text quote Rectangular snippet with OCR Add description / key insight Comment thread on annotation Browse annotations in single document or across multiple documents simultaneously Jump to annotation in full-text Sort, filter, search Share externally via direct link (with option to include rich metadata) | Highlight/text quote Rectangular snippet Sticky note Jump to annotation in full-text Requires manual synchronization of all locally-created annotations No annotation search | Highlight/text quote Rectangular snippet Sticky note Jump to annotation in full-text Search annotations Automatic synchronization of locally-created annotations Option to embed annotations into source PDF for export | Highlight/text quote Rectangular snippet Sticky note Strike-through Text description/comment | Highlight/text quote Sticky note Text description/comment | Highlight/text quote Freehand Underline Strike-through Text description/comment | Highlight/text quote Sticky note Text description/comment Generate summary from annotations and comments Annotations synched to Google suite | Highlight/text quote (colors have predefined purpose) | Highlight/text quote Rectangular snippet with OCR Add additional metadata to annotations Generate summary from annotations |
Tags | Autosuggest tags Can search and filter by tags Can automatically add tags based on user defined rules over full-text | Manual tags | Autosuggest tags Can search and filter by tags | Manual tags | Manual tags | Manual tags | Manual tags | Manual tags Predefined purpose for colors | Manual tags |
Deduplication | Checks for duplicate documents on upload Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request | Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request | Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request | Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request | Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request | Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request | Checks for duplicate documents on upload Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request | Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request | Compares metadata and merges duplicate entries on request |
Folder structure | References are organized by Project Flat structure within each Project Tags are used to label references in place of hierarchical folders | Classic hierarchical folders Private cross-folder collections | Classic hierarchical folders Private cross-folder collections | Classic hierarchical folders | Classic hierarchical folders Private cross-folder collections | Classic hierarchical folders Private cross-folder collections | Classic hierarchical folders Private cross-folder collections | Classic hierarchical folders Private cross-folder collections | Classic hierarchical folders Private cross-folder collections |
File format supported | Integrates with built-in document viewer and OCR: BibTeX, PDFs, .pptx, .docx, HTML, images (.jpg, .png) As static attachments: all file types | Text documents (pdf, txt, odt, doc, rtf) Markup lang (xml, sgml, html, css, xslt, js, es) Spreadsheets (ods, csv, xls, pdf, docx) Databases (sql, siard, csv, mdb, dbf, hrf5) Statistical data (xml, por, sav, dta, 7bdat) Images (tiff, jpg, png, ai, eps, svg, dcm) | pdf, html, images (jpg, png) | Basic: 4 supported formats Premium: 500+ supported formats. Audio files (wav, mp3) Video (mov) Microsoft Access, Excel, PowerPoint, Word, Project, Visio Text: PDF, txt, rtf, HTML Technical Drawing files (AutoCAD) | Text formats Zip formats Image formats Presentation formats Markup formats | .csv, .bib, .ris; PDF, RIS, BibTeX and other common file types can be imported. | BibTeX, RIS, PDF, NBIB, EndNote files | BibTeX, PDFs, pptx, docx, html, images (jpg, png) | BibTeX, PDFs, pptx, docx, html, images (jpg, png) |
Direct search of databases | Cannot search within publisher databases Developing integrations with publicly available paper databases | Integrations with numerous publisher databases; license required for direct search Your school may already have licenses to some of these databases | Integrations with public databases including Library of Congress and WorldCat for ISBNs, CrossRef for DOIs, NCBI PubMed for PubMed IDs, and }arXiv.org for arXiv IDs | Integrations with numerous publisher databases; license required for direct search Your school may already have licenses to some of these databases | Integrations with numerous publisher databases; license required for direct search Your school may already have licenses to some of these databases | Integrations with numerous publisher databases; license required for direct search Your school may already have licenses to some of these databases | Integrations with numerous publisher databases; license required for direct search Your school may already have licenses to some of these databases | Integrations with numerous publisher databases; license required for direct search Your school may already have licenses to some of these databases | Cannot search within publisher databases |
Citation styles | 9,000+ citation styles supported | 9,000+ citation styles supported | 8,100+ citation styles supported | Top 21 most commonly used styles (basic) 4,200+ citation styles supported (premium) | 6,000+ citation styles supported | 10,000+ citation styles supported | 8,000+ citation styles supported | 10,000+ citation styles supported | 8,000+ citation styles supported |
Sync across multiple users | Yes Through private organization account | Limited Through public and private groups Full-text not available for sharing | Limited Through public and private groups Full-text not available for sharing | Yes Through private groups | Limited Through public and private groups | Yes Limited number of shared collections | Yes Through Google Drive | Yes | Yes |
Sync across multiple devices | Yes | Limited Certain functions like annotations require explicit manual input to synchronize | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes For Citavi Web users (released Jun 2021) | Yes |
Offline access | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Access control & permissions | Can set as admin or regular member within organization account More granular access controls in the works | Can set as admin or regular member within group | Can set as admin or regular member within group | Can set as admin or regular member within group | Can set as admin or regular member within group | Can set as admin or regular member within group | Can set as admin or regular member within group | Granular access permission roles (Owner, Project Leader, Author, Reader) | Granular access permission roles (Admin, Contributor, Viewer) |
Shared comments | Yes Within private organization account Can export annotation with comments to be shared publicly | Limited Within a small private group | No | Limited Only available with organizations holding 20+ licenses | Yes For the web version Not available on the Refworks legacy version | Yes For the web version Not available on the Refworks legacy version | Limited shared comments only supported in certain collections | Yes | Yes Within Group library |
Browser extension | Yes Chrome (5.0) Can capture and save PDF articles to app directly from browser Currently supports Google Chrome only | Yes Chrome (3.1) Can capture snapshots and archive webpages. Cannot automatically capture citation information. | Yes Chrome (4.0) Edge (4.5) Can capture and save articles to app directly from browser Supports Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge | Yes Chrome (4.5) Can capture and save articles to app directly from browser Supports Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge | Yes Any modern browsers (imports metadata only, no full-text) Can capture and save articles to app directly from browser Supports Chrome and Safari | Yes Chrome (4.3) Firefox (4.6) Edge (3.5) Can capture and save articles to app directly from browser Supports Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge | Yes Chrome (4.8) Can capture and save articles to app directly from browser Supports Chrome and Safari | Yes Chrome (4.0) Can capture and save articles to app directly from browser Supports Chrome and Safari | No |
MS Word integration | Coming soon (Jan 2022) | Yes (1.4) From the Office store | Yes Automatically installed with Zotero desktop | Yes Download from Clarivate website | Yes (1.7) From the Office store | Yes (2.3) From the Office store | No | Yes Download from Citavi website | Yes Download from Qiqqa website |
Google Docs integration | No | No | No | Limited Requires manual insertion of reference list | Yes (2.4) From Google Workspace Marketplace | No | Yes Chrome (3.8) From Google Workspace Marketplace | No | No |
Windows | Yes | Yes Windows 7 - 10 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
macOS | Yes | Yes macOS 10.10 - 10.14 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Linux | Yes | Yes Debian Stretch & Ubuntu 16 - 17 | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Android | No | Withdrawn Withdrawn 3/2021; supported through Papership | Withdrawn Withdrawn 3/2021; supported through Aziz, Lite! | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
iOS | No | Withdrawn Withdrawn 3/2021; supported through Papership | Withdrawn Withdrawn 3/2021; supported through Papership | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Support & customer service | Online support via email Tutorial document included on sign-up Tutorial articles on blog in the future Live chat support in development | Online support via email Online support portal (support ticket system) Tutorial articles on blog | Online support via email | Online support via email Online support portal (support ticket system) Customer support by phone Tutorial articles on blog | Online support via email Online support portal (support ticket system) Customer support by phone Tutorial articles on blog | Online support via email Tutorial articles on blog | Online support via email Tutorial articles on blog | Online support via email Tutorial articles on blog | Tutorial articles on blog |